Understanding Squamous Cell Skin Cancer

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is a common type of skin cancer that originates in the squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells that make up the outermost layer of the skin (epidermis). Squamous Cell Skin Cancer is typically caused by cumulative exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun over time, making it more common on sun-exposed areas, such as the face, ears, neck, hands and arms.

At 360 Dermatology we recommend regular skin self-examinations, professional skin checks and sun protection measures (such as wearing sunscreen and protective clothing) for early detection and prevention of SCC. If you notice any unusual or changing skin lesions, it’s important to consult a dermatologist for evaluation and appropriate management.

Causes and Risk Factors

Understanding the origins of SCC is crucial for prevention and early detection. Here is a list of causes and risk factors:

• UV Exposure: Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds is a primary cause of SCC. It damages the DNA in skin cells, increasing the risk of cancer.
• Skin Type: Fair-skinned individuals are more susceptible, but it can affect people of all skin types. Those with lighter skin may experience a higher incidence.
• Age: The risk rises with age, particularly in individuals over 50.
• Occupational Exposure: Certain professions, such as outdoor workers, gardeners and construction workers, carry an elevated risk due to extensive sun exposure during work hours.
• Immunosuppression: A weakened immune system, whether due to medical conditions or medications, can increase susceptibility to SCC.

Squamous Cell Skin Cancer Symptoms

SCC often appears as a scaly or crusty lesion with the potential to invade deeper layers of tissue if left untreated. It may start as a precancerous growth called actinic keratosis, which can progress into SCC if not addressed. While it is usually localized and treatable when detected early, it can become more aggressive and potentially spread to other parts (metastasize) if left untreated or not caught in the early squamous cell skin cancer stages.

Types of Squamous Cell Skin Cancer

• Actinic Keratosis (AK): Often a precursor to SCC, AK appears as rough, scaly patches on sun-exposed skin.
• Cutaneous Horns: These are small, hard, and cone-shaped growths that may develop on the face, ears or hands.
• Keratoacanthoma: A rapidly growing, dome-shaped lesion that often appears on sun-exposed skin.

Treatment Options

Treatment for Squamous Cell Skin Cancer varies based on factors such as identifying types of squamous cell skin cancer, stage and location. Several options exist, each tailored to specific circumstances. Surgical excision involves removing the tumor along with a margin of healthy tissue. Mohs Micrographic Surgery, a precise technique, ensures cancer removal while preserving surrounding healthy skin. In cases where surgery isn’t feasible or when SCC has spread, radiation therapy is used to target cancer cells.

The choice of treatment is determined on a case by case basis. Our expert physicians will always push for optimal outcomes, focusing on both health and appearance preservation.

Understanding the Squamous Cell Skin Cancer Stages

Staging is a critical aspect of diagnosing and treating SCC. The squamous cell skin cancer stages help Dr. Aparna Ambay determine the extent of the disease and guide treatment decisions. SCC is typically staged from 0 to IV, with subcategories further defining the severity of the cancer:

Stage 0 (In Situ)

• Also known as Bowen’s disease, represents the earliest stage.
• Cancer cells are confined to the top layer of the skin (epidermis).
• In this early stage, squamous cell skin cancer is highly treatable and the prognosis is generally excellent.

Stage I

• Cancer has penetrated the epidermis and may have reached a small portion of the underlying dermis.
• The tumor is usually small, and there may be no evidence of spread to nearby lymph nodes.
• The specific substage depends on factors like tumor thickness and ulceration.

Stage II

• Involves more extensive invasion into the dermis, but still lacks lymph node involvement.
• Substages consider factors such as tumor size, thickness and ulceration.
• Surgical excision is a common treatment option, and the prognosis is generally favorable.

Stage III

• Cancer has typically reached nearby lymph nodes, but has not yet spread to distant organs.
• Lymph node involvement is a key factor in determining the specific substage.
• Treatment for squamous cell skin cancer at this stage often involves lymph node dissection and may include radiation therapy or immunotherapy.

Stage IV (Metastatic SCC)

• Signifies the most advanced and severe form of the disease.
• Cancer has spread beyond the skin and regional lymph nodes to distant organs, such as the lungs, liver, brain or bones.
• Treatment options may include systemic therapies like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and palliative care.
• The prognosis at this stage can vary significantly, but early detection and innovative treatments have improved survival rates.

If you notice any suspicious skin changes or squamous cell skin cancer symptoms or have concerns about your skin, consult with a dermatologist who can assess your condition and recommend appropriate diagnostic and treatment strategies tailored to your specific stage. Early detection remains the key to successful skin cancer management. Contact 360 Dermatology for diagnosis, treatment and care in Tampa.

Statistics and Survival Rates

With an estimate of almost 2 million new cases annually in the U.S., SCC is a significant health concern. However, early diagnosis results in a 95% five-year survival rate for localized SCC. Vigilance and timely treatment for squamous cell skin cancer are key to favorable outcomes.

Why Dr. Ambay is Your Best Choice

Dr. Ambay, a distinguished dermatologist at 360 Dermatology, is the preferred choice for SCC care. She is one of few Mohs surgeons in Tampa. Her technique ensures precise removal and optimal cosmetic outcomes for squamous cell skin cancer patients. Book an appointment at any of our Tampa locations for the best skin cancer prevention and care: Wesley Chapel, Land O’Lakes, Trinity, Spring Hill or Clearwater.